Discovering Periodic and Group Trends Name ____________________________________
Below is a table of properties of the representative elements in the first five periods. By graphing this data we will discover how they change as you go across a period and down a group. There are analysis questions on the back of this page that should be answered after the graphs are drawn.
|
# |
Symbol |
Ionization
Energy (eV) |
Atomic
Radius |
Electro
negativity |
Period |
Group |
Name |
|
1 |
H |
13.60 |
79 |
2.2 |
1 |
1A |
Hydrogen |
|
2 |
He |
24.59 |
49 |
|
1 |
8A |
Helium |
|
3 |
Li |
5.39 |
205 |
0.98 |
2 |
1A |
Lithium |
|
4 |
Be |
9.32 |
140 |
1.57 |
2 |
2A |
Beryllium |
|
5 |
B |
8.30 |
117 |
2.04 |
2 |
3A |
Boron |
|
6 |
C |
11.26 |
91 |
2.55 |
2 |
4A |
Carbon |
|
7 |
N |
14.53 |
75 |
3.04 |
2 |
5A |
Nitrogen |
|
8 |
O |
13.62 |
65 |
3.44 |
2 |
6A |
Oxygen |
|
9 |
F |
17.42 |
57 |
3.98 |
2 |
7A |
Fluorine |
|
10 |
Ne |
21.56 |
51 |
|
2 |
8A |
Neon |
|
11 |
Na |
5.14 |
223 |
0.93 |
3 |
1A |
Sodium |
|
12 |
Mg |
7.65 |
172 |
1.31 |
3 |
2A |
Magnesium |
|
13 |
Al |
5.99 |
162 |
1.61 |
3 |
3A |
Aluminum |
|
14 |
Si |
8.15 |
146 |
1.9 |
3 |
4A |
Silicon |
|
15 |
P |
10.49 |
123 |
2.19 |
3 |
5A |
Phosphorus |
|
16 |
S |
10.36 |
109 |
2.58 |
3 |
6A |
Sulfur |
|
17 |
Cl |
12.97 |
97 |
3.16 |
3 |
7A |
Chlorine |
|
18 |
Ar |
15.76 |
88 |
|
3 |
8A |
Argon |
|
19 |
K |
4.34 |
277 |
0.82 |
4 |
1A |
Potassium |
|
20 |
Ca |
6.11 |
223 |
1 |
4 |
2A |
Calcium |
|
31 |
Ga |
6.00 |
181 |
1.81 |
4 |
3A |
Gallium |
|
32 |
Ge |
7.90 |
152 |
2.01 |
4 |
4A |
Germanium |
|
33 |
As |
9.81 |
133 |
2.18 |
4 |
5A |
Arsenic |
|
34 |
Se |
9.75 |
122 |
2.55 |
4 |
6A |
Selenium |
|
35 |
Br |
11.81 |
112 |
2.96 |
4 |
7A |
Bromine |
|
36 |
Kr |
14.00 |
103 |
|
4 |
8A |
Krypton |
|
37 |
Rb |
4.18 |
298 |
0.82 |
5 |
1A |
Rubidium |
|
38 |
Sr |
5.70 |
245 |
0.95 |
5 |
2A |
Strontium |
|
49 |
In |
5.79 |
200 |
1.78 |
5 |
3A |
Indium |
|
50 |
Sn |
7.34 |
172 |
1.96 |
5 |
4A |
Tin |
|
51 |
Sb |
8.64 |
153 |
2.05 |
5 |
5A |
Antimony |
|
52 |
Te |
9.01 |
142 |
2.1 |
5 |
6A |
Tellurium |
|
53 |
I |
10.45 |
132 |
2.66 |
5 |
7A |
Iodine |
|
54 |
Xe |
12.13 |
124 |
|
5 |
8A |
Xenon |
Questions and Analysis:
1. In general, as you go across a period, what happens to the
A. Atomic radius?
B. Ionization energy?
C. Electronegativity?
2. Where are there exceptions to these general trends?
3. The elements in the same group are graphed up and down in each of the graphs. For example elements 4, 12, 20, and 38 are all in group 2A. In general as you go down a group, what happens to the
A. Atomic radius?
B. Ionization energy?
C. Electronegativity?
4. Where are there exceptions to these general trends?
5. Radium is in the seventh period.
A. Would you expect it to be larger or smaller than barium? Why?
B. Would you expect it to be larger or smaller than francium? Why?
C. Would you expect its ionization energy to be larger than barium’s? Why?
D. Would you expect its ionization energy to be larger than francium’s? Why?
E. Would you expect its electronegativity to be larger than barium’s? Why?
F. Would you expect its electronegativity to be larger than francium’s? Why?
Name ____________________________________
Graph the Atomic Radius for each element in Period 2 in one color
On the same graph, graph the atomic radius for each element in Period 3 in a second color, Period 3 in a third color and period 4 in a fourth color. Make sure to label the key for which color is which period.
Key: Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5
Repeat the process above for the Ionization Energy for each element in Period 2, 3, 4 and 5. Make sure to label the key for which color is which period.
Key: Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5
Repeat the process above for the electronegativity for each element in Period 2, 3, 4 and 5. Make sure to label the key for which color is which period.
Atomic
Number