Chapter 13 Interpreting Graphics and Vocabulary Name

Part A – Intermolecular Forces

1. Fill in the diagram (with high or low) to show how intermolecular forces influence the volatility, vapor pressure, and boiling point of a substance.

Part B – Vapor Pressure Graphs Use the graph on the right to answer the following questions.

______ 2. What is the vapor pressure of chloroform at 50°C?

______ 3. What is the boiling point of H₂O when the external pressure is 30 kPa?

______ 4. What is the normal boiling point of ethanol?

______ 5. Which substance has the weakest intermolecular forces?

Part C – Phase Diagrams. Use the phase diagram for Bromine on the right to answer the following questions.

6. Label each region of the graph as solid, liquid, or vapor.

7. Label the triple point, normal melting point, and normal boiling point on the graph and estimate their temperature values. Include an estimate of the pressure for the triple point.

A

Normal melting point ______°C

Normal boiling point ______°C

B

Triple point ______°C __________kPa

8. What phase is bromine in this room. _____________

9. What is the phase change that happens as you move from A to B? ________________

Use the diagrams on the right to answer the following questions

______ 10. From which of the containers are water molecules able to escape?

______ 11. In which container can a dynamic equilibrium between water molecules in the liquid state and water molecules in the vapor state be established?

______ 12. In which container will the water level remain constant?

______ 13. From which container is it possible for all of the liquid water to disappear through evaporation?

Part D – Heating Curves. Use the heating curve on the right to answer the following questions.

10.

E

What is the melting point of the substance?

11.

D

What is the boiling point of the substance?

12. Which letter represents heating of the solid?

13.

C

B

Which letter represents heating of the vapor?

14. Which letter represents melting of the solid?

15.

A

Which letter represents boiling of the liquid?

18. On the graph on the right write the labels lower temperature and higher temperature to identify the curve that depicts the kinetic energy distribution of particles in a liquid at a lower temperature and at a higher temperature. Then indicate on the graphs where temperature is

Matching Vocabulary

_____ 1. 100°C at 101.3 kPa

_____ 2. amorphous

_____ 3. atmospheric pressure

_____ 4. barometer

_____ 5. condensation

_____ 6. crystal

_____ 7. freeze drying

_____ 8. gas pressure

_____ 9. glasses

_____ 10.intermolecular forces

_____ 11.kinetic energy

_____ 12.liquid

_____ 13.melting

_____ 14.melting point

_____ 15.normal boiling point

_____ 16.phase diagram

_____ 17.solid

_____ 18.sublimation

_____ 19.unit cell

_____ 20.vacuum

_____ 21.vapor pressure

A. an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure

B. a space where no particles of matter exist

C. the energy an object has because of its motion

D. results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object

E. results from the collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects

F. a measure of the pressure exerted by a gas above a liquid

G. the forces between molecules

H. the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa

I. a fluid with a fixed volume

J. the change of a gas or vapor directly to a liquid

K. the change of a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state

L. the change of a solid to the liquid state

M. a method of removing water from food, using sublimation

N. graph that shows the relationship among the states of a substance

O. defines the triple point for water

P. normal boiling point for water

Q. describes a solid in which the particles are randomly arranged

R. transparent fusion products of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing

S. the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal

T. the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

U. has a regular three-dimensional arrangement of particles

V. one of the seven crystal systems.

W. dense state of matter that has a fixed shape and is not easily compressed